MACAN, T.T., 1970. Biological studies
of the English lakes. Longman, London. XVI & 260 pp. [N. flexilis,
N. opaca, C. fragilis].
MACDONALD, M.B. & HOTCHKISS, A.T., 1956. An estipulodic form
of Chara australis R. Br. (= Protochara australis Woms. &
Ophel). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
80: 274-284, pl. 9-10, fig. 1-6. [C. australis n = 14, C. meulleri,
C. gymnopitys, N. gloeostachys, N. lhotskyi, N. gelatinosa, N.
cristata, Lamp. macropogon].
MACGREGOR, M.E., 1924. Tests with Chara foetida and Chara hispida
on the development of mosquito larvae. Parasitology 1924:
MAIER, E.X., 1972. De Kranswieren (Charophyta) van Nederland.
Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen KNNV 93. 44pp., 12 pl., 12 figs.
[Dutch, english summary] [Key] [Nitella gillissens n. spec.] [9
Chara, 8 Nitella, 3 Tolypella species, Nitellopsis obtusa].
MAIER, E.X., 1973. The female gametangium of Tolypella nidifica
A. Br.: a misinterpretation. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 22: 463-466,
1 fig. [C. vulgaris, Tol. nidifica, N. flexilis].
MÄKIRINTA, U., 1978. Die Pflanzensoziologische Gliederung
der Wasservegetation im See Kukkia, Südfinnland. Acta Universitatis
Ouluensis, ser. A 75, Biol. 5: 1-157, 21 figs. (12 distribution
maps). [N. wahlbergiana, N. flexilis, C. globularis].
MANN, H., 1989. Charophytes of Insular Newfoundland. Canadian
Field Naturalist 103: 34-42.
MANN, H., 1994. The genus Tolypella (Characeae) in Insular Newfoundland.
Canadian Field Naturalist 108: 297-304.
MANN, H., 1998. Newfoundland Charophytes. In: D.W. Anions &
A.R. Berger (ed.) - Assessing the state of the environment of
Gros Morne National park. pp. 74-77, 1 fig. Parks Canada-Ecosystem
Science Review Reports, Parcs Canada-dossiers en matière
de sciences des écosystemes no. 011.IX & 141 pp. [11
Charophyte species].
MANN, H., V.W. PROCTOR & A.S. TAYLOR, 1999. Towards a Biogeography
of North American Charophytes. Australian Journal of Botany 47
(3): 445-458.
MARCINKIEWICZ, T., 1979. Oogonia - gyrogonity. In: Buduwa geologiczna
Polski, Tom. 3. Atlas skamienialo'sci przewodnich i charakterystycznych
cz. za. Mezozoik-Trias. Instytut Geologiczny Warszawa Wydawnictwa
geologiczne. pp. 157-159. [Polish].
MARGALEF, R., 1947. Limnosociologica. Monografias de Ciencias
Modernas No.10, Instituto Español de Edafologia, Ecologia
y Fisiologia vegetal No. 4. 93pp. [Spanish] [p. 51 C. hispida
in Charetum hispidae].
MARGALEF, R., 1952. Materiales para la hidrobiología de
la isla de Menorca. Publ. Inst. Biol. Apl. 11: 5-112. [Spanish]
[C. aspera, C. canescens, C. fragilis, C. galioides, C. hispida,
C. vulgaris, Tol. glomerata, Lamp. papulosum].
MARISTO, L., 1941. Die Seetypen Finnlands auf floristischer und
vegetationsphysiognomischer Grundlage. Dissertation Universität
Helsinki. IV & 312 pp., tab. Also: Annales Botanici Societatis
Zoologicæ-Botanicæ Fennicæ 15: 1-312, 26 figs.,
5 maps. [N. flexilis, N. wahlbergiana, C. strigosa, C. fragilis].
MASLOV, V.P., 1963. (Introduction to the study of fossil Charophytes).
Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Geological
Institute 82: 1-104, 2 pl., 42 figs. [Russian] [C. fragifera].
MASON, R., 1956. A check list of New Zealand Charophytes. Transactions
of the Royal Society of New Zealand 84; 269-271. [8 Nitella, 6
Chara species, Lamp. macropogon].
MATHESON, R. & HINMAN, E.H., 1978. Chara fragilis and mosquito
development. American Journal of Hyg. 8:
MATHEWS, L.J., 1967. Further results of spraying lake weeds. In:
V.J. Chapman & C. A. Bell (ed.) - Rotorua and Waikato water
weeds: problems and the search for a solution. p. 76. University
of Auckland, Auckland.
MATTOX, K.R. & STEWART, K.D., 1984. Classification of the
green algae: a concept based on comparative cytology, pp. 29-72.
In: D.E.G. Irvine and D.M. John (eds.). Systematics of the Green
Algae. Academic Press, London.
MAY, V., 1981. Freshwater Algae. In: G.R. Sainty & S.W.L.
Jacobs - Waterplants of New South Wales. pp. 446-460. Water Resources
Commision New South Wales. 550 pp., figs., photogr., distribution
maps. [Characeae pp. 450-451, fig. p. 450].
MCCONNAUGHEY, T., 1991. Calcification in Chara corallina: CO2
hydroxylation generates protons for bicarbonate assimilation.
Limnology Oceanography 36: 619-628.
MCCOURT, R.M., KAROL, K.G., GUERLESQUIN, M. & FEIST, M., 1996.
Phylogeny of extant genera in the family Characeae (Charales,
Charophyceae) based on rbcL sequences and morphology. American
Journal of Botany 83: 125-131, 4 figs. [C. connivens, Lamp. macropogon,
Lych. barbatus, N. translucens, Nitellopsis obtusa, Tol. glomerata,
Tol. prolifera].
MCCOURT, R.M., K.G. KAROL, M.T. CASANOVA & M. FEIST, 1999.
Monophyly of genera and species of Characeae based on rbcL sequences,
with special reference to Australian and European Lychnothamnus
barbatus (Characeae: Charophyta). Australian Journal of Botany
47 (3): 361-369. [Lychnothamnus barbatus].
MCCRACKEN, M.D., PROCTOR, V.W. & HOTCHKISS, A.T., 1966. Attempted
hybridization between monoecious and dioecious clones of Chara.
American Journal of Botany 53: 937-940. [C. rusbyana, C. kenoyeri,
C. sejuncta, C. zeylanica].
MCNICOL, M., 1907. The bulbils and pro-embryo of Lamprothamnus
alopecuroides A. Braun. Annals of Botany 21: 61-70, pl. 8. [Lamp.
papulosum].
MEESE, D., 1760. Flora Frisica of lyst der planten welke in de
Provincie Friesland in het wild gevonden worden. Jacob Brouwer,
Franeker. [Dutch] [p. 75: C. vulgaris, C. hispida].
MEIERS, S.T., V.W. PROCTOR & R.L. CHAPMAN, 1999. Phylogeny
and biogeography of Chara (Charophyta) inferred from 18S rDNA
sequences. Australian Journal of Botany 47 (3): 347-360.
MEIJER, M.-L. & HOSPER, H., 1997. Effects of biomanipulation
in the large and shallow Lake Wolderwijd, The Netherlands. Hydrobiologia
342/343: 335-349.
MEIJER, T., 1988. Vallonia declivis Sterki, 1892 in Nederland.
Contactblad van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging 243:
440-441. [Dutch] [Oospores in clay].
MEIJER, W., 1955. Waterplanten- en oevervegetaties. In: W. Meijer
& R. de Wit - Kortenhoef een veldbiologische studie van een
Hollands verlandingsgebied. pp. 22-44. Commissie voor de Vecht
en het Oostelijk en Westelijk plassengebied, Amsterdam. 128 pp.,
4 pl., 20 photogr., 2 maps [Dutch] [p. 23; C. fragilis, Nitellopsis
obtusa].
MELTZER, J. & WESTHOFF, V., 1942. Inleiding tot de Plantensociologie.
Bibliotheek van de Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging nr.
6. G.W. Breughel, 's-Graveland. 326 pp., 6 figs., 37 photogr.
[Dutch] [Characeae p. 145 & 288, N. flexilis].
MELZER, A., 1976. Makrophytische Wasserpflanzen als Indikatoren
des Gewässerzustandes oberbayerischer Seen. Dissertationes
Botanicae 34. Cramer, Vaduz. V & 195 pp., 30 figs., 29 maps
(23 distribution maps). [Characeen pp. 108-121 & 160-166,
C. aculeolata, C. contraria, C. fragilis, C. aspera, C. hispida,
C. strigosa, C. tomentosa, C. vulgaris, N. opaca, Tol. glomerata,
Nitellopsis obtusa].
MELZER, A., HARLACHER, R., HELD, K. & VOGT, E., 1988. Die
Makrophytenvegetation des Ammer- Wörth- und Pilsensees sowie
des Wesslinger Sees. Informationsberichte des Bayerisches Landesamtes
für Wasserwirtschaft, München 1/88. 266 pp., 134 figs.,
1 map. [C. aspera,C. contraria, C. fragilis, C. hispida, C. intermedia,
C. tomentosa, C. vulgaris, Nitellopsis obtusa, Tol. glomerata].
MELZER, A., HARLACHER, R., HELD, K., SITCH, R. & VOGT, E.,
1986. Die Makrophytenvegetation des Chiemsees. Informationsberichte
des Bayerisches Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, München
4/86. 210 pp., 1 map. [C. aspera, C. contraria, C. dlicatula,
C. fragilis, C. tomentosa, C. vulgaris, N. opaca, N. syncarpa,
Nitellopsis obtusa, Tol. glomerata].
MENDÈS, E.J., 1947. Uma espécie nova para o gen.
Chara, L. Portugaliae Acta Biologicae, ser B 2: 286-288, pl. 1.
[Chara arrudensis n. spec.].
MENDÈS, E.J., 1948. Notas criptogamicas. III. Carofitos
I. Portugaliae Acta Biologicae, ser B 2: 432-435.
MENENDEZ, M. & A. SANCHEZ, 1998. Seasonal variations in P-I
responses of Chara hispida L. and Potamogeton pectinatus L. from
streams mediterranean ponds. Aquatic Botany 61 (1): 1-15. [C.
major].
MERCER, M.J. & MERCER, F.V., 1971. Studies on the comparative
physiology of Chara corallina. III. Nitrogen relations of internodal
cell components during internodal cell expansion. Australian Journal
of Botany 19: 1-12.
MERIAUX, J.L., 1978. Etude analytique et comparative de la végétation
aquatique d'étangs et marais du nord de la France (Vallée
de la Sensée et Bassin Houillier du Nord-Pas de Calais).
Documents Phytosociologiques N.S. 3. Cramer, Vaduz. 244 pp., 13
figs., 13 maps. [C. contraria, C. crassicaulis, C. delicatula,
C. globularis, C. hispida, C. major, C. polyacantha, C. vulgaris,
N. flexilis, N. gracilis, N. mucronata].
MERIAUX, J.L., 1980. Irradiation de l'association a Carex curta
Good. (= Carex canescens Merct.) at Agrostis canina L. dans le
nord de la France. Colloques Phytosociologiques 7: 425-436.
MIERWALD, U., 1988. Die Vegetation der Kleingewässer landwirtschaftlich
genutzter Flächen.Eine pflanzensoziologischen Studie aus
Schleswig-Holstein. Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geobotanik
in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg, Kiel, Heft 39. 286 pp. 23 figs.,
4 maps. [pp. 68-71 Charatea fragilis C. vulgaris, C. fragilis,
N. mucronata].
MIGULA, W., 1888. Ueber den Einfluss stark verdünnter Säurelösungen
auf Algenzellen. Dissertation Universität Breslau. 38 + 1
pp., 2 pl. [Phycobrya (Characeae) Thesis II] [N. flexilis].
MIGULA, W., 1891. Die Algen. In: O. Zacharias (red.) - Die Tier-
und Pflanzenwelt des Süsswassers. Band I. pp. 27-62. J.J.
Weber, Leipzig. X & 380 pp., 79 figs. [Characeae pp. 59-61,
C. canescens, C. foetida, Tol. prolifera].
MIGULA, W., 1909. Rhodophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Characeae. In: Kryptogamen-Flora
von Deutschland, Deutsch-Österreich un der Schweiz. Bd. II
Algen. 2. Teil. (Vol. 7 of O.W. Thomé - Flora von Deutschland,
Österreich und der Schweiz). F. von Zezschwitz, Gera. 383
pp., 78 pl. [Key] [Characeae pp. 262-363, pl. 58-78, 12 Nitella,
6 Tolypella, 26 Chara, 2 Lamprothamnus species, Lych. barbatus,
Nitellopsis obtusa (as Tolypellopsis stelligera)].
MIGULA, W., [as D.W. Migula] 1922. Meeresalgen und Armleuchter-Gewächse.
Hilfsbuch zum Erkennen, Bestimmen, Sammeln, Untersuchen und Präparieren
der am häufigsten vorkommenden Formen. Handbücher für
die praktische naturwissenschaftliche Arbeit, Band XV. Frackh'sche
Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. 91 pp., 10 pl. [Key] [Characeae
pp. 56-62, pl. 8 fig. 14-25, 10 Nitella, 3 Tolypella, 15 Chara
species, Nitellopsis obtusa, Lamp. papulosum, Lychn. barbatus].
MIGULA, W., [as D.W. Migula] 1925. Charophyta (Charales). In:
A. Pascher - Die Süsswasser-Flora Deutschlands, Österreich
und der Schweiz. Vol. 11. pp. 207-250, fig. 1-14. Jena. [Key]
[12 Nitella, 4 Tolypella, 2 Lamprothamnium, 25 Chara species,
Nitellopsis obtusa, Lychn. barbatus].
MIGULA, W., 1897 (1890-1897). Die Characeen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs
un der Schweiz; Unter Berücksichtigung aller Arten Europas.
L.Rabenhorst - Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und
der Schweiz. 2. Aufl. Vol. 5. Verlag Eduard Kummer, Leipzig. VII
& 765 pp., 149 figs. [Key] [13 Nitella, 6 Tolypella, 27 Chara
species, Lamp. alopecuroides, Lychn. barbatus, Nitellopsis obtusa
(as Tolypellopsis stelligera)].
MIHAI, G., 1967. Quelques aspects de la flore et de la végétation
aquatique et palustre du bassin inférieur de la rivière
du Baseu (Roumanie). Analele stiintifice ale Universitatii "Al.
I. Cuze" ser. nov. sect. II 13: 153-166. [Roumanian, french
summary].
MILNER, Y., 1972. Preparation of 14C labeled pectic acid and D-galacturonic-14C
acid. Carbohydrate Research 25: 153-160. [C. globata].
MITCHELL, R.S., 1973. Effects of Radford Ammunition plant wastes
on aquatic vegetation in the New River, Virginia. In: J. Cairns
& K.L. Dickson - The effects of waste discharges from Radford
Ammunition plant on the biota of the New River, Virginia. pp.
19-30. VPI-WRRC Bulletin 57.
MÖBIUS, M., 1889. Bearbeitung der von H. Schenck in Brasilien
gesammelten Algen. Hedwigia 28: 309-347, pl. 10-11. [C. hornemannii].
MOESTRUP, O., 1970. The fine structure of mature spermatozoids
of Chara corallina with special reference to microtubules and
scales. Planta 93: 295-308.
MÖLLER, M. & WAGNER, H.G., 1996. Zum Vorkommen eineiger
Characeen im Bereich des Wasserschlosses Neuhaus bei Paderborn.
Natur und Heimat 56: 83-91, 3 figs. [C. contraria, C. vulgaris,
N. mucronata].
MOORE, J.A. & GREENE, D.M., 1983. Provisional Atlas and Catalogue
of British Museum (Natural History) specimens of the Characeae.
Biological Records Centre, Abbots Ripton. 121 pp., 48 distribution
maps. [17 Chara, 10 Nitella, 4 Tolypella species, Nitellopsis
obtusa, Lamp. papulosum].
MOORE, J.A., 1986. Charophytes of Great Britain and Ireland. B.S.B.I.
Handbook No. 5. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.
140 pp., 24 pl., 24 figs, 17 distibution maps. [Key] [12 Chara,
8 Nitella, 4 Tolypella, Nitellopsis obtusa, Lamp. papulosum].
MOORE, P.D. & BELLAMY, D.J., 1974, 1976. Peatlands. Elek Science,
London. ed. 1- 1974; ed. 2 - 1976. 221 pp.
MOORE, P.D. & CHATER, E.H., 1969. Studies in the vegetational
history of mid-Wales. I. The post-glacial period in Cardiganshire.
New Phytologist 68: 183-X.
MÖRZER BRUIJNS, M.F. & TIMMERMANS, A., 1953. Het Zwarte
Meer. De Levende Natuur 56: 161-166. [Dutch] [Nitellopsis obtusa].
MÖRZER BRUIJNS, M.F., 1965. Over de malacofauna van het Naardermeer.
Basteria 29: 36-43. [Dutch] [Nitellopsis obtusa].
MOSS, B., 1973. The influence of environmental factors on the
distribution of freshwater algae: an experimnetal study. IV. Growth
of test species in natural lake waters and conclusion. Journal
of Ecology 61: 193-211.
MOTTIER, D.M., 1904. The development of the spermatozoid in Chara.
Annals of Botany 18: 245-254, pl. 17. [C. fragilis].
MOUTSCHEN, J. & DAHMEN, M., 1956. Sur les modifications de
la spermiogenèse de la Chara vulgaris L. induites par les
rayons X. Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie végétale
17: 433-450.
MOUTSCHEN, J., DAHMEN, M. & GILLET, C., 1956. Sur les modifications
induites par les hydrazides maléique et isonicotinique
dans les anthérides de Chara vulgaris. La Cellule 58: 65-78.
MUKHERJEE, S. & NOOR, M.N., 1980. On a new charophyte from
India. Hydrobiologia 68: 81-84. [Chara indica n. spec., non Bertero
ex Sprengel 1827, see also: S. Mukherjee & M.N. Noor 1985].
MUKHERJEE, S. & NOOR, M.N., 1985. Chara biharensis a new name
for C. indica. Hydrobiologia 120: 189-191.
MUKHOPADHYAY, A. & CHATTERJEE, P., 1980. Cytomorphology of
Chara flaccida A. Br. from West Bengal. Cell and Chromosome Newsletter
3: 37-39.
MULDER, N., 1818. Elenchus plantarum, quae propre urbem Leidam
nascuntur. S.J. Luchtmans, Lugduni Batavorum. [p. 91 C. vulgaris].
MÜLLER, F. [also as F. Mueller or F. von Müller], 1889.
Notes on the geographical distribution of Australian Characeae.
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 12: 149.
MÜLLER, J., 1881. Les characées genevoises. Bulletin
de la Société botanique de Genève 2: 42-96.
[9 Nitella, 2 Tolypella (as Nitella), 11 Chara species] [described
some new forms as: Müll. Arg. (Müller d'Argovie)].
MÜLLER, T., 1973. Klasse lemnetea R. Tx. 1955 (Lemnetea minoris).
In: E. Oberdorfer (red.) - Süddeutsche Pflanzengesellschaften.
Teil 1. 2. Auflage. (1977). Pflanzensoziologie 10: 67-77. Id.
3. Auflage. (1992). G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. Id. 4. Auflage
(1998). Fischer Verlag, Berlin & Stuttgart. [C. foetida, C.
hispida].
MUNTING, A., 1672, 1682. Waare Oeffening der Planten ...etc. J.
Rieuwertz, Amsterdam. 2e druk 1682. [Dutch] [Chara pp. 406- 407].
MUNTING, A., 1696. Naauwkeurige beschrijving der aardgewassen.
P. v.d. Aa, Leiden. [Dutch] [Chara p. 563].
MUSACCHIO, E.A., 1971. Charophytas de la formacion la Amarga (Cretacico
inferior) Provincia de Neuquen, Argentina. Revista del Museo de
la Plata (N.S.) sec. Paleontologia 6: 19-38, 3 pl. [Spanish, english
summary].
MUSACCHIO, E.A., 1972a. Charophytas de la formacion Yacoraite
en tres cruces y yavi chico, Jujuy, Argentina. Ameghiniana 9:
223-237. [Spanish, english summary].
MUSACCHIO, E.A., 1972b. Carofitas del Cretacico inferior en sedimentitas
"Chubutenses" al este de la Herreria, Chubut. Ameghiniana
9: 354-356. [Spanish, english summary].
MUSACCHIO, E.A., 1973. Charophytas y ostracodos no marinos del
grupo Nuequen (Cretacico superior) en algunas afloramientos de
las Provincas de Rio Negro y Neuquen, Republica Argentina. Revista
del Museo de la Plata (N.S.) sec. Paleontologia 8: 1-32. [Spanish,
english summary].
MUSIL, C.F., GRUNOW, J.O. & BORNMAN, C.H., 1973. Classification
and ordination of aquatic macrophytes in the Pongolo River Pans,
Natal. Bothalia 11: 181-190. [N. tenella].
